Erstellen Sie Notepad mit Tkinter
Sehen wir uns an, wie man mit Tkinter einen einfachen Notizblock in Python erstellt. Diese Notepad-GUI besteht aus verschiedenen Menüs wie Datei und Bearbeiten, mit denen alle Funktionen wie Speichern der Datei, Öffnen einer Datei, Bearbeiten, Ausschneiden und Einfügen ausgeführt werden können.
Zum Erstellen dieses Notizblocks sollten Python 3 und Tkinter bereits auf Ihrem System installiert sein. Sie können ein geeignetes Python-Paket gemäß den Systemanforderungen herunterladen . Nachdem Sie Python erfolgreich installiert haben, müssen Sie Tkinter (ein GUI-Paket von Python) installieren.
Verwenden Sie diesen Befehl, um Tkinter zu installieren:
pip install python-tk
Tkinter importieren:
Python
import tkinter import os from tkinter import * # To get the space above for message from tkinter.messagebox import * # To get the dialog box to open when required from tkinter.filedialog import *
Hinweis: messagebox wird verwendet, um die Nachricht in das weiße Feld namens Notepad zu schreiben, und filedialog wird verwendet, damit das Dialogfeld erscheint, wenn Sie eine Datei von irgendwo in Ihrem System öffnen oder Ihre Datei an einer bestimmten Position oder einem bestimmten Ort speichern.
Menü hinzufügen:
Python
# Add controls(widget) self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W) # To open new file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "New", command = self.__newFile) # To open a already existing file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Open", command = self.__openFile) # To save current file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Save", command = self.__saveFile) # To create a line in the dialog self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator() # To terminate self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Exit", command = self.__quitApplication) self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "File", menu = self.__thisFileMenu) # To give a feature of cut self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Cut", command = self.__cut) # To give a feature of copy self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Copy", command = self.__copy) # To give a feature of paste self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Paste", command = self.__paste) # To give a feature of editing self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Edit", menu = self.__thisEditMenu) # To create a feature of description of the notepad self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label = "About Notepad", command = self.__showAbout) self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Help", menu = self.__thisHelpMenu) self.__root.config(menu = self.__thisMenuBar) self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y) # Scrollbar will adjust automatically # according to the content self.__thisScrollBar.config(command = self.__thisTextArea.yview) self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand = self.__thisScrollBar.set)
Mit diesem Code fügen wir das Menü in den Fenstern unseres Notizblocks hinzu und fügen die Dinge wie Kopieren, Einfügen, Speichern usw. hinzu.
Hinzufügen der Funktionalität:
Python
def __quitApplication(self):
self.__root.destroy()
# exit()
def __showAbout(self):
showinfo("Notepad", "Mrinal Verma")
def __openFile(self):
self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",
filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),
("Text Documents","*.txt")])
if self.__file == "":
# no file to open
self.__file = None
else:
# try to open the file
# set the window title
self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)
file = open(self.__file,"r")
self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read())
file.close()
def __newFile(self):
self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
self.__file = None
self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)
def __saveFile(self):
if self.__file == None:
#save as new file
self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',
defaultextension=".txt",
filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),
("Text Documents","*.txt")])
if self.__file == "":
self.__file = None
else:
# try to save the file
file = open(self.__file,"w")
file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))
file.close()
# change the window title
self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
else:
file = open(self.__file,"w")
file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))
file.close()
def __cut(self):
self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")
def __copy(self):
self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")
def __paste(self):
self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")
Darin haben wir alle Funktionen hinzugefügt, die im Notizblock erforderlich sind. Sie können auch andere Funktionen hinzufügen, z. B. Schriftgröße, Schriftfarbe, Fettdruck, Unterstreichung usw.
Hauptcode nach dem Zusammenführen aller:
Python
import tkinter
import os
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *
class Notepad:
__root = Tk()
# default window width and height
__thisWidth = 300
__thisHeight = 300
__thisTextArea = Text(__root)
__thisMenuBar = Menu(__root)
__thisFileMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
__thisEditMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
__thisHelpMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
# To add scrollbar
__thisScrollBar = Scrollbar(__thisTextArea)
__file = None
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
# Set icon
try:
self.__root.wm_iconbitmap("Notepad.ico")
except:
pass
# Set window size (the default is 300x300)
try:
self.__thisWidth = kwargs['width']
except KeyError:
pass
try:
self.__thisHeight = kwargs['height']
except KeyError:
pass
# Set the window text
self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
# Center the window
screenWidth = self.__root.winfo_screenwidth()
screenHeight = self.__root.winfo_screenheight()
# For left-align
left = (screenWidth / 2) - (self.__thisWidth / 2)
# For right-align
top = (screenHeight / 2) - (self.__thisHeight /2)
# For top and bottom
self.__root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (self.__thisWidth,
self.__thisHeight,
left, top))
# To make the textarea auto resizable
self.__root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.__root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
# Add controls (widget)
self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W)
# To open new file
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="New",
command=self.__newFile)
# To open a already existing file
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Open",
command=self.__openFile)
# To save current file
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Save",
command=self.__saveFile)
# To create a line in the dialog
self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Exit",
command=self.__quitApplication)
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="File",
menu=self.__thisFileMenu)
# To give a feature of cut
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Cut",
command=self.__cut)
# to give a feature of copy
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Copy",
command=self.__copy)
# To give a feature of paste
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Paste",
command=self.__paste)
# To give a feature of editing
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Edit",
menu=self.__thisEditMenu)
# To create a feature of description of the notepad
self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label="About Notepad",
command=self.__showAbout)
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Help",
menu=self.__thisHelpMenu)
self.__root.config(menu=self.__thisMenuBar)
self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)
# Scrollbar will adjust automatically according to the content
self.__thisScrollBar.config(command=self.__thisTextArea.yview)
self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.__thisScrollBar.set)
def __quitApplication(self):
self.__root.destroy()
# exit()
def __showAbout(self):
showinfo("Notepad","Mrinal Verma")
def __openFile(self):
self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",
filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),
("Text Documents","*.txt")])
if self.__file == "":
# no file to open
self.__file = None
else:
# Try to open the file
# set the window title
self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)
file = open(self.__file,"r")
self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read())
file.close()
def __newFile(self):
self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
self.__file = None
self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)
def __saveFile(self):
if self.__file == None:
# Save as new file
self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',
defaultextension=".txt",
filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),
("Text Documents","*.txt")])
if self.__file == "":
self.__file = None
else:
# Try to save the file
file = open(self.__file,"w")
file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))
file.close()
# Change the window title
self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
else:
file = open(self.__file,"w")
file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))
file.close()
def __cut(self):
self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")
def __copy(self):
self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")
def __paste(self):
self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")
def run(self):
# Run main application
self.__root.mainloop()
# Run main application
notepad = Notepad(width=600,height=400)
notepad.run()
Um diesen Code auszuführen, speichern Sie ihn mit der Erweiterung .py und öffnen Sie dann cmd (Eingabeaufforderung), wechseln Sie zum Speicherort der gespeicherten Datei und schreiben Sie dann Folgendes
python "filename".py
und drücken Sie die Eingabetaste und es wird ausgeführt. Oder kann direkt ausgeführt werden, indem Sie einfach auf Ihre .py -Erweiterungsdatei doppelklicken.